How autoimmune conditions impact your mouth

Posted on September 4, 2025 in Healthy You

Autoimmune diseases happen when your immune system mistakenly attacks your own body. Autoimmune conditions like lupus, Sjögren’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) don’t just affect joints and organs, they can also impact your oral health in surprising ways. Understanding these risks can help you take steps to protect your teeth, gums and overall well-being.

How autoimmune diseases affect oral health

Your immune system’s job is to protect you from infections. But when you have an autoimmune condition, your immune system attacks healthy parts of your body. This can cause inflammation, tissue damage and changes in saliva — all of which can affect your mouth.

Here’s a look at three autoimmune conditions that may harm your oral health.

• Sjögren’s disease causes dry mouth because it attacks the glands that make saliva. Without enough saliva, it’s easier for bacteria to grow in your mouth, raising your risk for cavities, gum disease and mouth infections.
• Lupus can lead to mouth sores, dry mouth and gum inflammation. This condition may also cause jaw joint problems.
• RA can make brushing and flossing harder because of joint pain and stiffness. It’s also linked to a higher risk of gum disease and jaw joint pain.

Why oral health matters

Oral health is an important part of whole-body health. Infections in your mouth can worsen inflammation throughout your body, which may worsen your autoimmune condition. Gum disease, if left untreated, may even make it harder to manage conditions like RA.

Protecting your mouth from autoimmune complications

1. See your dentist every 6 months: Tell your dentist about your autoimmune condition and any medications you take. Your dentist can help spot early signs of dry mouth, gum disease or other problems during your twice-yearly visits.
2. Keep dry mouth at bay: If you struggle with dry mouth, sip water often, chew sugar-free gum and avoid alcohol-based mouthwashes (they worsen dryness).
3. Find an at-home dental routine that works for you: Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and brush twice a day. If arthritis makes brushing harder, consider using an electric toothbrush with a larger handle for a better grip.
4. Don’t suffer with mouth sores: If you develop painful sores or ulcers, tell your doctor or dentist. They can help you manage symptoms and adjust medications, if needed.
5. Choose foods that help, avoid those that harm: Limit sugary foods and drinks, which can increase your cavity risk, especially if you have dry mouth. Crunchy fruits and vegetables are extra good picks because they can help boost saliva production.

Want more information on how to take care of your mouth if you have an autoimmune disease? Learn four simple ways to take care of your oral health if you’re living with these types of medical conditions.

Your dentist is part of your autoimmune disease care team

Living with an autoimmune disease brings unique challenges, but your mouth doesn’t have to suffer. By practicing good at-home oral hygiene, managing dry mouth and seeing your dentist twice a year, you can lower your risk of oral health-related complications.

If you have questions about how your autoimmune disease affects your oral health, talk with your dentist. Together, you can create a care plan that works for you.

SOURCES:

Colgate

Springer Nature Link

Sjorgren’s Foundation

Lupus Foundation of America

Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center

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